Odontomachus rixosus

Technical Sheet: Odontomachus rixosus Ant

Scientific Classification

• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Arthropoda
• Class: Insecta
• Order: Hymenoptera
• Family: Formicidae
• Subfamily: Ponerinae
• Genus: Odontomachus
• Species: Odontomachus rixosus

General Characteristics

• Size:
  • Workers: 8-10 mm
  • Queens: 10-12 mm
  • Males: 7-9 mm
• Coloration: Dark shades, typically blackish-brown with reddish highlights.
• Morphology:
  • Trap-jaw mandibles capable of snapping shut rapidly to catch prey.
  • Elongated body with long legs adapted for fast movement.
  • Well-developed segmented antennae.

Distribution and Habitat

• Distribution: Native to Southeast Asia, found in countries like Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines.
• Habitat: Prefers tropical forests, humid areas, and soil rich in organic matter. Also adapts to disturbed environments near urban areas.

Behavior

• Diet:
  • Omnivorous but primarily insectivorous. Feeds on small arthropods and occasionally sweet liquids like nectar.
• Activity:
  • Mainly nocturnal but can be active during the day in shaded or highly humid conditions.
• Defense:
  • Possesses a painful sting due to its functional stinger.
  • Mandibles are used for both hunting and defense.

Colony

• Structure: Monogynous colonies (with a single queen).
• Size: Relatively small, ranging from 100 to 500 individuals.
• Nest: Builds nests in soft soil, decaying wood, or under rocks.

Reproduction

• Nuptial Flights: Typically occur during the humid seasons.
• Life Cycle:
  • Egg → Larva → Pupa → Adult (approximately 8 weeks).
• Queen: Responsible for laying eggs and can live for several years.

Care in Captivity

• Type of Formicarium: Acrylic or soil-based formicariums with adequate humidity.
• Temperature: Between 22°C and 26°C (72°F to 79°F).
• Humidity: High, between 60% and 80%.
• Diet:
  • Live prey such as crickets or fruit flies.
  • Diluted honey or sugary liquids as a supplement.
• Precautions:
  • Ensure the formicarium is escape-proof, as they are excellent escape artists.
  • Handle with care due to their painful sting.

Interesting Facts

• Known for its mandible-closing speed, which can reach up to 50 m/s, making it one of the fastest in the animal kingdom.
• Used in scientific studies due to its predatory behavior and advanced sensory systems.